[67], The educational and economic progress of the city began with the Company's military successes in the Deccan. Technology has changed the world in many ways, but perhaps no period introduced more changes than the Second Industrial Revolution. [122] Violent Parsi-Muslim riots again broke out in February 1874, which were caused by an article on Muhammad published by a Parsi resident. [143], The Partition of Bengal in 1905 initiated the Swadeshi movement, which led to the boycotting of British goods in India. These ships facilitated the entry of Goan and Mangalorean Catholics to Bombay. An important reformer was Mary Carpenter, who wrote factory laws that exemplified Victorian modernization theory of the modern, regulated factory as vehicle of pedagogy and civilizational uplift. Historian Paul Moon on Auckland through the 20th century | RNZ [113] The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was incorporated in 1855.[114]. By the turn of the 19th century, however, external events helped stimulate the growth of the city. first rails were laid for a 21 mile stretch between Thane and Bombay. Growth of Mumbai The following is a timeline of the growth of Mumbai 's population over the last four centuries: 1661: 10000 inhabitants [1] 1664: 15000 [1] 1673: 60000 [1] (Fryer) 1675: 60000 1718: 16000 [1] (Cobbe) 1744: 70000 [1] (Niebuhr) (large influx of people during the busy season) [5] After a series of attacks by the Gujarat Sultanate, the islands were recaptured by Sultan Bahadur Shah. Mahim to Sion by a causeway. [67] With the construction of a good carriage road up the Bhor Ghat during the regimes of Mountstuart Elphinstone and Sir John Malcolm gave better access from Bombay to the Deccan. These migrants also played a major role in the political discourse of the city. [172] During the 1970s, coastal communication increased between Bombay and south western coast of India, after introduction of ships by the London-based trade firm Shepherd. workers began to migrate to Bombay, and each room in a chawl would have [52] In 1560, they started proselytising the local Koli, Kunbi, Kumbhar population in Mahim, Worli, and Bassein. PDF The Shaping of Higher Education: The Formative Years in the United I am looking for population data (or datasets) for Mumbai/Bombay, India going back as far as 1850s. The attacks resulted in 164 deaths, 308 injuries, and severe damage to several important buildings. [99] On 17 February 1803, a fire raged through the town, razing many localities around the Old Fort, subsequently the British had to plan a new town with wider roads. [17] The Elephanta Caves also dates back to the sixth century. [61][62] However, Salsette, Mazagaon, Parel, Worli, Sion, Dharavi, and Wadala still remained under Portuguese possession. Simultaneously a labour movement was organized. History of Mumbai - Wikipedia Since the early 1900s, the city has also the home base of the Bollywood film industry. War of Independence, in 1857, makes a convenient watershed between these Ancient rivalries, social panic, revolution the 19th century is back This process accelerated with the completion of [27] The Pathare Prabhus, one of the earliest settlers of the city, were brought to Mahim from Patan and other parts of Saurashtra in Gujarat around 1298 by Bhimdev during his reign. [190] On 13 March 2003, a bomb exploded in a train compartment, as the train was entering the Mulund station in Mumbai. agreement with the East India Company. [72] Yakut Khan, the Siddi admiral of the Mughal Empire, landed at Bombay in October 1672 and ravaged the local inhabitants there. [71] Between 1661 and 1675 there was a sixfold increase in population from 10,000 to 60,000. In 1803 a fire raged through the Indian part [58] The Portuguese Franciscans had obtained practical control of Salsette and Mahim by 1585, and built Nossa Senhora de Bom Concelho (Our Lady of Good Counsel) at Sion and Nossa Senhora de Salvao (Our Lady of Salvation) at Dadar in 1596. At the same time, it suggests that historians need to consider Gyan Prakash's view of cities as 'patched-up societies' whose entirety cannot be understood through single, linear models of change. 1857 marks a watershed in Indian history. By that time, though, the hinterland had been opened, and Bombay had become a strong centre of import trade. It spanned an area of 235.1km2 (90.77sqmi) and inhabited 2,339,000 of people in 1951. This had long been a mainstay of Bombay's commerce. [36] After the death of Kutb Khan, the Gujarat commandant of Mahim, Ahmad Shah I Wali again despatched a large army to capture Mahim. During the latter half Riots broke out between Muslims and Parsis in October 1851, in consequence of an article on Muhammad which appeared in the Chitra Gnyan Darpan newspaper. It also shaped sports culture as well as the sports industry specifically Baseball and the Football Association into what is today. In 1960, following protests from the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, the city was incorporated into the newly created Maharashtra state from Bombay state. Industrial Revolution: Definition, Inventions & Dates | HISTORY The islands were leased to Mestre Diogo in 1534. 20th century. [115] The Commercial Bank, the Chartered Mercantile, the Agra and United Service, the Chartered and the Central Bank of Western India were established in Bombay attracting a considerable industrial population. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. commemorative tablet in the gardens of the 278 were killed and 1,118 were wounded. area; it remains so even now. Technological change has played a central role in US economic growth since the 19th century. [152] In the early 1930s, the nationwide Civil disobedience movement against the British Salt tax spread to Bombay. Labor Movement - History [31] It was reconquered by Rai Qutb of the Gujarat Sultanate. This volcanic activity resulted in the formation of basaltic outcrops, such as the Gilbert Hill, that are seen at various locations in the city. The "scramble for Africa" started to impact large numbers of Africans in the. America moves to the city (article) | Khan Academy [154] On 15 October 1932 industrialist and aviator J.R.D. As a result of Mumbai's 18th- and 19th-century history as a trading, commercial and manufacturing hub, the population of the city had swollen hugely as migrants from swathes of India's countryside arrived to find work. district of the British town. Rethinking the Twentieth-Century History of Mumbai - Cambridge Core 2 ", This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 06:52. had already been built towards the end of the 18th Century. Avabai, Lady In the 19th century, trade unionism was mainly a movement of skilled workers. [131] The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 2831 December 1885. Economic Growth Originally a nation of farmers, fishermen, loggers, and fur traders, the dawn of the 20th century saw a full-scale transformation of Canadian society. Imperialism Flashcards | Quizlet [96] In 1795, the Maratha army defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad. ", "Local 'army' offers to protect Bombay's 'Castella', "Security, the central component of an early modern institutional matrix; 17th century Bombay's Economic Growth", International Society for New Institutional Economics (ISNIE), "Mazgaon fort was blown to pieces 313 years ago", Calcutta Magazine and Monthly Register 1832, Acquisition, Changes, and Staff (Acquisition, 17741817, "BMC allots Rs 14 cr to upgrade Mahim Causeway", Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Gr.of Hospitals, "Sir Dinshaw Manockjee Petit, first Baronet, 18231901", "From Distrust to Reconciliation (The Making of the Ganesh Utsav in Maharashtra)", "The Swadeshi Movement: Culmination of Cultural Nationalism", "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs", Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture 1983, "About Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA)", "The Great Mumbai Textile Strike 25 Years On", "Profile of Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (Nhava Sheva)", "Victims await Mumbai 1993 blasts justice", "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus chugs towards a new heritage look", "Blast outside Ghatkopar station in Mumbai, 2 killed", "Blast in Ghatkopar in Mumbai, 4 killed and 32 injured", "At least 174 killed in Indian train blasts", "India police: Pakistan spy agency behind Mumbai bombings", "Thackeray continues tirade against North Indians", "North Indian taxi drivers attacked in Mumbai", "HM announces measures to enhance security", "3 bomb blasts in Mumbai; 8 killed, 70 injured", "Death toll in Mumbai terror blasts rises to 19", "International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. Trombay and Chembur were granted to Dom Roque Tello de Menezes, and the Island of Pory (Elephanta Island) to Joo Pirez in 1548. In growing cities in the 19th century, the public health movement and sanitary reform put protecting people from other people's shit at the heart of urban governance. [79] After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690. [67] Gerald Aungier, who was appointed Governor of Bombay in July 1669, established the first mint in Bombay in 1670. [38] After the end of the Bahamani Sultanate, Bahadur Khan Gilani and Mahmud Gavan (14821518) broke out in rebellion at the port of Dabhol and conquered the islands along with the whole of Konkan. Plague, for example, broke out in 1896. [163] In the 1955 Lok Sabha discussions, when Bombay State was being re-organised along linguistic lines into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Chapter 26: India, the Islamic Heartlands, and Africa, 1800-1945 - Quizlet Discover how Mumbai's past sovereignty issues have shaped it into a dominant trade and travel hub, siege of several sites in the city in late November 2008. The city was built . Ahmad Shah I responded with a large army and navy under Jafar Khan leading to the defeat of Ahmad Shah I Wali. By 1920, more Americans lived in cities than in rural areas for the first time in US history. gained paramount importance in the world cotton trade. The result is his book Auckland: The Twentieth-Century . [201] The city again saw a series of three coordinated bomb explosions at different locations on 13 July 2011 between 18:54 and 19:06 IST. Overcrowding, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and widespread poverty, however, remained major ongoing problems. [170] In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. Growth of a city Mumbai or Kolkata or Delhi or Chennai or any other When cotton exports from the USA were interrupted by the Civil War, Bombay [3] Pleistocene sediments found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai by British archaeologist Malcolm Todd in 1939 indicate habitation since the Stone Age. 6 References. The construction of the new mint commenced in 1825. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra. [121] The Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), originally set up as a tramway company: Bombay Tramway Company Limited, was established in 1873. John, Lord Elphinstone. The Wellington Pier (Apollo Bunder) in the north of Colaba was opened for passenger traffic in 1819 and the Elphinstone High School was established in 1822. There was strong [citation needed]. residents moving out of the central fort area. [130] The Bombay Millowners' Association was formed in February 1875 by Dinshaw Maneckji Petit in order to lourdes central school protect interests of workers threatened by possible factory and tariff legislation by the British. Development Of Sports During The 19th Century - EduBirdie "Jobbers and the emergence of trade unions in Bombay city. [73] On 20 February 1673, Rickloffe van Goen, the Governor-General of Dutch India attacked Bombay, but the attack was resisted by Aungier. across the continent, resulting in the growth of highly specialized farming (Rossiter, 1979). [167] Flora Fountain was renamed Hutatma Chowk ("Martyr's Square") as a memorial to the Samyukta Maharashtra movement. [citation needed] The Kolis and Aagri (a Marathi-Konkani people) were the earliest known settlers of the islands.The Maurya Empire gained control of the islands during the 3rd century BCE and transformed them into a centre of Hindu-Buddhist culture and religion. DOUGLAS E. HAYNES. During the early 15th century, the Bhandaris seized the island of Mahim from the Sultanate and ruled it for eight years. [141] The Dadar-Matunga-Wadala-Sion scheme, the first planned suburban scheme in Bombay, was formulated in 18991900 by the Bombay City Improvement Trust to relieve congestion in the centre of the town, following the plague epidemics. increase in the number of mills. The islands were wrested from Pratapbimba's control by Mubarak Khan, a self-proclaimed regent of the Khalji dynasty, who occupied Mahim and Salsette in 1318. By Rajnarayan Chandavarkar. By the second decade of the century the population of Greater Mumbai was approaching 20 million. He was the first person to build [134] The concept of Dabbawalas (lunch box delivery man) originated in the 1890s when British people who came to Bombay did not like the local food. Mumbai - History | Britannica [26] He belonged to either the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in Maharashtra or the Anahilavada dynasty of Gujarat. Indigenous tribals have inhabited Mumbai (Bombay) since the Stone Age. In 1885 the first session of the Indian National Congress (Congress Party; a focus of both pro-Indian and anti-British sentiment until independence) was held in the city, where subsequently, at its 1942 session, the Congress Party passed the Quit India resolution, which demanded complete independence for India. Their religious practices could be summed up as animism. [112] The Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company was the first cotton mill to be established in the city on 7 July 1854 at Tardeo in Central Bombay. By the mid-19th century, industrialization was well-established throughout the western part of Europe and America's northeastern region. Under this agreement, the Tata pioneered civil aviation in Bombay by flying a plane from Karachi to Bombay. An eruption here some 66mya is thought to have laid down the Deccan Traps, a vast bed of basalt lava that covers parts of central India. [102] The success of the British campaign in the Deccan witnessed the freedom of Bombay from all attacks by native powers. Modelled after army Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy funded the construction of the Mahim Causeway,[98] to connect Mahim to Bandra and the work was completed in 1845. [168][169], In the early 1960s, the Parsi and Marwaris Migrant communities owned majority of the industry and trade enterprises in the city, while the white-collar jobs were mainly sought by the South Indian migrants to the city. can now only be seen as part of the boundary wall of St. George Hospital, that the cotton boom was bringing in. In the late 18th and early 19th century railway network came into being in Mumbai due to which Mumbai became central in the trade and commerce and with the emergence of port . The worldwide influenza epidemic raged through Bombay from September to December 1918, causing hundreds of deaths per day. [2] After India's independence in 1947, the territory of Bombay Presidency retained by India was restructured into Bombay State. Mumbai ca. Governor of Bombay, and in 1864 had the walls of the fort removed. and its hinterland was to become necessary. [19] The Mauryan presence ended when the Chalukyas of Badami in Karnataka under Pulakeshin II invaded the islands in 610. The British colonialism in India lasted for about 190 years, beginning in 1757 and ended with India's independence in 1947. In the meanwhile, [135] On 11 August 1893, a serious communal riot took place between the Hindus and Muslims, when a Shiva temple was attacked by Muslims in Bombay. [23] The Italian traveler Marco Polo's fleet of thirteen Chinese ships passed through Mumbai Harbour during May September 1292. Bombay plague epidemic - Wikipedia The police commissioner, Charles Forjett arrested [6] The Koli fishing community had long inhabited the islands. Collectively these works make a significant contribution to the appreciation of such matters as working-class politics, the changing character of workers' neighbourhoods, land use, urban planning, and the ways the city has been imagined and experienced by its citizens. [195] 209 people were killed[196] and over 700 were injured. Request Permissions, Review by: Mazagaon was granted to Antonio Pessoa in 1547. the By 1000 BCE, the region was heavily involved in seaborne commerce with Egypt and Persia. a bungalow for himself on Malabar Hill. By 2020 it had reached an estimated population of 20 million, making it the 9th largest city by population in the world. [16] The Greek merchant Cosmas Indicopleustes visited Kalyan (near Mumbai) during 530550. Population of India 1800-2020 | Statista After his death in 1303, he was succeeded by his son Pratapbimba, who built his capital at Marol in Salsette, which he named Pratappur. From the late 19th to early 20th centuries . Each of the studies reviewed here devotes considerable attention to developments since the 1920s. [69] He also planned extensive fortifications in the city from Dongri in the north to Mendham's Point (near present-day Lion Gate) in the south. [14] After the end of the Satavahana rule in 250 CE, the Abhiras of Western Maharashtra and Vakatakas of Vidarbha held dominion over the islands.
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