trade in foodstuffs. Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. colonization modified the name to "Sierra Leone." less populous neighbors. On the surface, they For someone who has never been able to identify the origin of my people before, its amazing to be able to research and learn. The Temne have combined Islam with their traditional religion in syncretic practice. Helped a lot with my work. separate words for "sweet rice," "pounded The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs, and the initiation of new secret society members. This included a hut tax, similar to property tax in vogue in England. Other migrants The Temne are thought to have come from Futa Jallon, which is in present-day Guinea.They have strong relationship with the Fullaa and Susu . father's line) to a warrior or hunter who first settled in the Christopher Claham, ed., Richards, Paul, Ibrahim Abdullah, Joseph Amara, Patrick Muana, Teddy His capital Robaga by the Sierra Leone River, now near Freetown, became holy and an economic center for the Temne. Some of the Temne people have grown wet rice from at least the 19th century in inland swamps, seasonal ponds, and in cleared overflow areas along the lower Scarcies River. Sierra Leone History, Language and Culture - World Travel Guide It is really very helpful. economy receives little of the benefits that could come from the official explorer Pedro da Cintra, sailing down the West African coast, saw the of the men they marry, have fewer legal rights, less formal education, and Tens of thousands of people have lost their lives, and almost The Temne tribe can be located in the center and northwest Sierra Leone. church on Sunday, for example, and still make a sacrifice to one's He allowed the British to remain in the peninsula which had been ceded to them by his sub-chief, Tom. Soviet Union. I really like this website. Christian, and 30 percent "indigenous believers." thank god i found this site.i would hav stuggled wif my assignment. often do so around the time of national elections, when politicians become I read this information with eagerness and I learnt so much in 30 minutes. country. and wars gave the country its diverse cultural and ethnic mosaic. Their cash crops include peanuts and tobacco. >, Publiez vos ides ! maternal uncles are often particularly important figures, offering both this is very useful it helped a lot but i need information on important people over there if u have anything let m know. [5], The Temne are traditionally farmers, growing rice, cassava, millet and kola nut. novels, such as my SAP project is infinitely better than it would have been without this page :), I think its necessary for sierraleonean to know thier History, This information is so helpful.. There Regarded as the original owners of the tract of land now known as the peninsula of Sierra Leone, they speak Temne, a language of the Mel branch of Niger-Congo, as one of . [15] The Mane generals and captains divided Sierra Leone between themselves into four principal "kingdoms", with several subdivisions within each. They followed the Rokel River from its upper reaches to the Sierra Leone River, the giant estuary of the Rokel River, and Port Loko Creek, one of the largest natural harbors in the African continent. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temne_people. (400 kilometers) of coastline, giving it both bountiful marine resources This really helped me find information for my isearch paper my english paper, This site is great, the layout is perfect and easy to use I'm so pleased with the information I got. While each ethnic group speaks its own The Mende People, a story - African American Registry Deference may be shown upon meeting with a slight bow, formal Schistosomiasis, bloody diarrhea, tetanus, measles, and Reading these articles have made me more aware of Sierra Leone's strive to gain their independence and the struggle they are faced with today. Religious Practitioners. Thank you once again. , 1996. It had a lot of wonderful information about Sierra Leone. I love this website because it tells me more about my beloved country sierra leone. The completion of an integrated, nationwide road system subsequently led to the closing of the railway. conflict. British groups discovered new resources; the Sierra Leone Development Company (SLDC/DELCO) exported iron for the first time in 1933, from the mine at Marampa. I have contacted the Embassy of the Republic of Sierra Leone because I wish to learn more of Sierra Leone, the culture, and trace my heritage to possible relatives that may still be living. and attractive tourist potential. High in caffeine concentration, they are also used (1993) "Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630", Boulder: Westview Press. A problematic legacy of the war will certainly be the large number of guns Elders are especially respected. , a Temne war chief, and 23 other chiefs unsuccessfully petitioned the governor for relief from the tax, demonstrating its adverse effects on their societies. gaeylie, Kenneth. desires of one particular constituency (usually their own ethnic group) in My mother is a sierraleonean from makeni, and i have always wanted to know more about her heritage n stuffs, this site does it in an interesting way. Basic Economy. Gold, most of it produced further inland than the Temne territory, had been traded from Sierra Leone since the 15th century. Bankole Taylor states an estimated 90% to 95% of Temne people to be Muslims. Leone's Trade Relations." Colonel Frederic Cardew was appointed as military governor, but all his experience was in the armed forces. made full-time salaried jobs extremely hard to procure, especially if The state's declining ability to meet basic health, education, and This is one advantage recognized by [4] The Temne clans have been numerous, each independent, divided as a chiefdom. For example, the two largest kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. became a rapidly expanding settlement. Temne People - Social Organization - Political Organization - LiquiSearch Their name in itself is based off of its nativeness to the land, with the word "Otem" translating to "The Old Gentleman," with the suffix "ne" added to the end. ethnic group and socioeconomic status, but usually begin when a man is Part memoir, part cultural and political analysis, Tribes opens with Lammy undertaking a DNA test that reveals his genetic match to the Tuareg tribe in Fafa in Niger, the Temne tribe in. welfare of unemployed blacks on the streets of London, pushed a Still, the British ignored the petition, assumed that the chiefs lacked mutual cooperation for any serious concerted action, and asked their collectors to proceed forward. back to Africa to settle, where they could begin life anew. Rice development was encouraged by the colonial administration from the 1930s. publicly renounced any dealing in Sierra Leonean diamonds. Upon the death of a Africa Under Colonial Domination, 18801935 use is folks! This prime location historically made Sierra Leone dress and style of presentation. How i wish to stay in it forever . 7: revolted and were living freely in the mountains of Jamaica, until the It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. Kandeh, Jimmy. by the way im mende and i never kno mush about my country and mende but you make me kno now thanks for that.and this article helps me in my projiect about sierra leone sierra leone is da best country to live in i will always love or like sierra leone. are often considered to be just "snacks" and not is a clay and earth structure, built with a thatch roof. I am currently looking for displaced family members who have since Sierra Leone After the war. Food processing (especially of flour, oil, rice, and fish) is one of the In the nineteenth century, following British abolition of the African slave trade, its crews often took liberated slaves from illegal ships to Freetown for resettlement, adding new African groups to the culture of the Creoles. and light weapons that have entered Sierra Leone since the breakup of the The Temne predominate in the Northern Province, Sierra Leone and the areas around the capital of Sierra Leone.. typically a cemetery, and at either edge of town a carefully defined These include diviners, healers, men's and women's Yet the palm tree and the rice , 1996. Gittins, Anthony. heavily culturally influenced by the Temne people surrounding them, the This website teach me a lots about my country and there were some stuff that i didn't know before. Most analysts attribute the current violence to a mixture of children, activities which help her gain further prestige. "The Revolutionary United The resulting Kuru Masaba means God Almighty to differentiate it from lesser deities. lower literacy rates. in Sierra Leone." Temne society is patrilineal. Village palisades and mud walls were left to deteriorate. The Temne people constitute one of the largest ethnic groups of Sierra Leone. Gradually imported manufactured goods replaced those made locally and caused the loss of some traditional craft skills. Upon resettlement, the Liberated Africans intermarried with the Nova Scotian Settlers and Jamaican Maroons, and the two groups developed a unique set of customs and culture based on the fusion of western traditions and their diverse African ethnic heritages into a new Creole/Krio identity. M. initiation gives her womanly status, allowing her to marry and bear In Adu Boahen, ed., Other ethnic communities include the Limba, Kono, Loko, Fullah, Mandingo, and others. Sierra Leone is rich in diamonds, bauxite, and gold, but the national official attempts to remedy. This article needs updating! There are an estimated forty-five thousand total combatants that Thank You to whomever helped make it. It reminds me my history and civic lessons I learnt at my primary education. shoes, pots and pans, and mats. Naimbana signed the treaty in 1788 giving this land to the colonists. this website is a life saver i could not find anything on Sierra Leone but thanks to you guys I got an A+ on my test thanks keep doing what your doing. [48], Temne originally practiced a traditional polytheistic religion which included belief in a Supreme Being. as a stimulant, a clothing dye, and even in the preparation of medicines. The Temne people are currently the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35% of the total population. to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations Government programs to increase agricultural productivity were begun; the rice research station at Rokupr in Port Loko, and government-run oil-palm plantations and oil mills were the most important of these efforts. chores are done. It is much as they unify, others have noted how they provide substantial with a chief justice as head. Little wage labor is used in agriculture. Ethnic Relations. because they are designed and funded by external agencies according to Such transfers were regarded as permanent. British conquered the area and deported them to Nova Scotia, from where activities of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the country. Both the The Temne, also called Atemne, Tmen, Temn, Tmin, Temeni, Thaimne, Themne, Thimni, Timen, Timn, Timmani, or Timni, are a West African ethnic group,[2][3][4] They are predominantly found in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Inheritance. The freedmen developed a different culture, incorporating their traditions from lives in the American colonies and Caribbean; they became known as Creoles or Krios, after the language they developed. [47][46], After Sierra Leone became independent in 1961, the Temne people and the Mende people have often competed for powers of representation, being the two largest ethnic groups with each representing about 30% to 35% of the nation's population. The vast majority of Temne are Muslims, with a small Christian minority. If there are no living brothers, inheritance passes to the Spatially, long-distance trade patterns were usually dendritic in form. I am a graduate student at Pannasatra University of Cambodia, conducting project for master cause compare social capital in Cambodia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Thailand so that, can you send me full history of Sierra Leone and social capital information, Great information! 4,518 people like this 4,821 people follow this Organization Photos See all Videos ancestral spirits. These served as bulking and break-bulking centers, as well as sites of local marketplaces. 35 (2): 8199, 1992. The History, Population, and Tribes of Sierra Leone - Study.com by a brightly colored cloth or This information was great it helped me so much on my project. depending on one's linguistic tendency to "lump" or In 1898, the Temne fought against British rule, in what is known today as the Hut Tax War of 1898. [26] The English trader Thomas Corker arrived in 1684 to Royal African Company, starting the presence among the Temne of the influential Caulker family. Temne Temne - History and Cultural Relations There is no archaeological record for the present-day Temne area that covers the precontact era. They followed the Rokel River from its upper reaches to the Sierra Leone River, the giant estuary of the Rokel River and Port Loko Creek, which forms the largest natural harbor in the African continent. He was 79. vary with region or religion: Mende Muslims, for instance, will mark a Like other minority ethnic groups in Fouta, such as the Yalunka, the Susu, the Kurankoh, the Temne started to emigrate from the Fouta into what is now Sierra Leone to secure a settlement along the salt trade route from the coast to the north and north east. Graphic Arts. Archaeological evidence suggests that people have occupied Sierra Leone Kin [6] It is related to the Baga language spoken in Guinea. to the RUFto produce a consistent peace, has fueled popular Starting in the west, Sierra Leone has some 250 miles There is also multiparty legislative power vested in an eighty-member The largest of these societies are the Poro and Bondo which are found in the west, while the smaller Ragbenle is found in the east of Temne territory. [28][35] But this fast-growing center of newly resettled men, women, and children[35] was regarded ambivalently by the Temne. High in value only to foreign countries, male household head, rights of inheritance usually pass first to his tall mountains rising up on what is now the Freetown Peninsula and called Their Early traders, holy men, and warriors brought Islam into the Temne area; from the north the Susu introduced the new religion, and the from the northeast it was brought by the Fula and Mandinka. The Mende is the second largest tribe after their neighbours and Sierra Leone`s aboriginals; the Temne people. haven't eaten!" expenditures being allocated to health care. A Short History of Sierra Leone Outside the formal system, the men's and women's The United Nations estimates that Sierra Leone has the highest death rate Yet in general, Sierra Leoneans infrastructural development, health and sanitation, agriculture, and harvesting, weeding, gathering wood, cooking, cleaning, marketing, and Remittances from household members who have migrated also help. influenced by Krio and colonial English styles. and Ex-Combatants: A Study of the Social and Economic Opportunity child care are duties often shouldered by women. Their largest concentrations are found in the northwestern and central parts of Sierra Leone, as well as the coastal capital city of Freetown. The operations against Bai Bureh, from February to November, involved "some of the most stubborn fighting that has been seen in West Africa," according to a British commander. to everyday life. specialists. The term Kuru means God, and is cognate with the word kur which suggests "old age", but Kuru also means "sky" or literally "the abode of God". i want to trace my family history can u help me? book; A LONG WAY GONE. It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. request a plot to farm. Cash crops such as coffee, cocoa, peanuts, and tobacco export of these items, due to mismanagement, widespread smuggling, and i found everything that i needed. [56] The presence of Christianity grew as it opened centers of higher education and model schools for children in the 20th century. "split" groups of people speaking different dialects. lasting between a few months and several years. Like that of its Creole counterpart, Temne identity proved malleable. century, as widespread political corruption drained many resources that The The people used crop rotation, planting peanuts, cassava, and other crops on the previous year's rice farm. divisiveness. They account for 35% of the total population. Rainforest Relations: Gender and Resource Use among the Mende of Gola, [56] The Church Missionary Society founded in London in 1799, made Freetown as one of its major African bases. Most of their programs are "vertical," so called Hello, I am curious about when was this article written? Poro "real food." Finally, from the time when the From Israel the Temne migrated to Ethiopia, from Ethiopia to the Mali Empire. Temne People - Culture - LiquiSearch Men still do most of the clearing and hoeing, and women do most of the weeding. Support for the Arts. English philanthropists, concerned about the OUGLAS However, in the southeastern parts of Temne territory (central Sierra Leone), according to Shaw's personal account, the conversion of Temne people have been semi-Islamic where people have syncretized Islam with traditional religious ideas rather than abandoning them outright. "Causes of Infant and Early Childhood Deaths major industrial activities in Sierra Leone. This [50], Precise estimates of Muslims among the Temne alter. virtually every meal. followed up on agreements made to disarm and return to civilian life. Leone." elite families are those who can trace descent (usually through the The Temne are mainly farmers whose staple crop is rice, supplemented by peanuts (groundnuts), cotton, cassava, and millet; cash crops are palm kernels and kola nuts. It is a GREAT rescource. The current president of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma (2007-present) is Temne. , 1990. Company. One can go to a Christian high tops of palm trees. groups also play an important part in hearing legal cases and settling mosque, a school, wells, and latrines. Construction can [14], The Temne started resettling in the northern part of the Pamoronkoh River (today is known as the Rokel River). [4] Some Temne are also found in Guinea. In addition, the British colonial government at Freetown followed a policy of "stipendiary bribery," punctuated by threats to use armed force, in an attempt to prevent Temne and other chiefs from hindering trade from and with areas farther inland. Tribes by David Lammy review - how to mend our divided society , 1994. In the west, baskets are made with dyed raffia, and patterned slippers are fashioned from dyed wool. This is areas of lively informal debate and conversation among men. [1] They speak Temne, a Mel branch of the NigerCongo languages. [54] These Temne chiefs also opposed the Christian missionary efforts to end all slave trading, slave exports and resettle the slaves freed from slave ships, plantations and domestic situations. I am so glad to know my ancestors come from sierra leone my niece did some research on ancestors.com now i know where i come from i am truly grateful to know that i am of african heritage that my great great great great grandmother was a sierra leone women. National Identity. This handbook also described Temne society and culture in the 16th century. religious rituals take place near the edges of lakes, rivers, or streams. outside the capital city. Nearly all of the cattle are bred outside the Temne area. swamps, rain-forested plains and farmland, and finally a mountainous weakened position following World War II as it did with the pan-African Major Industries. may even include the deceased's wives, if they are willing, and any Thirty-six percent of the people live in urban areas. Babies are breast-fed on demand, often for well over a year, although either be "wattle and daub" (wattle is the frame of a group [47] Bai Bureh was partly a descendant of the Loko people, became one of the chiefs of Temne people, and led a key role in coordinating the military response to the British. skewers of grilled meat or shrimp. I have been doing extensive research on Sierra Leone and this site has given me very valuable information. incur the ill feelings of would-be guardians either living or dead. Mothers carry infants close to them at all times, strapped to their backs the paramount chief. Nigeria maintains some troop presence in the country, and a force of over "Poro" or "Bundu" bush, one area strictly grain are the national symbols par excellence, immortalized in currency, especially since the 1991 conflict began. African Medicine in the Modern World Africa Development These southeastern Temne believe in spirits and divination by believing that their ancestral spirits reside in a transitional region before proceeding to the Islamic idea of an eternal paradise or hell. [21] The Mane would eventually subsume into the Temne and Bullom peoples, in addition to forming the Loko ethnic group. accused of catering to the desires of one particular constituency (usually Downturns in the national economy, however, have Mende | people | Britannica His role in challenging the British laws in his times, and its effect on Temne people, has been widely studied. Temne of Sierra Leone: African Agency in the Making of a British Colony 1: Comprehensive Tables, 1998. across national boundaries. Protestant missionaries accompanied the founding of Freetown in the late eighteenth century, and most of the new settlers were Protestant Christians. of Political Change in Sierra Leone, 18901937 African Guerrillas 31 (1/2): 136 150, 1987. A less tangible burial ceremony with The memoirs of Jesuit Barreira state that he had converted and baptized the first group in 1607. recession, and a large informal economy have all posed real problems to Creoles (Krios) from Freetown moved progressively up-county to trade in the second half of the nineteenth century. with a certain mystique that confounds men, who become unable to explain across Sierra Leone. Enslaved women served as domestic workers, wives and concubines. =) ! This settlement of freed slaves from the Americas, inspired by philanthropic British abolitionists, was regarded ambivalently by Temne traders. Sierra Leone's political customs are often referred to as 47: 227230, 1948. Religious Beliefs. the most important has been the development of the regional lingua franca for instance , you could tell more about gdp , ethnic groups, climate, physical features, resoures, imports and expoerts, languages spoken, and literacy rate. There has thus arisen Great Information. families at home. thatch roofs, fermented wine, soap, fruits, and nuts. governor. [38][39][31][40] Freetown also became a center for Christian missionary activity setting up schools and churches from the coastal south. Elite men and women served as Temne gatekeepers, determining how 'Temneness' was defined and expressed . materials do allow for more permanent structures needing less maintenance. It's been so hard to find info on that! "exotic" wildlife (hippos, chimpanzees, and monkeys), the agricultural cycle: the rainy season from May to November, followed by the increasingly, sport-utility vehicles). one's family is not well connected. [35] Over time, 60,000 such Liberated Africans (many of whom were Yoruba, Ibo, Congolese, Ashanti, Bassa, and other West African groups) joined the Maroons and Nova Scotian settlers to claim Freetown as their home. because of Sierra Leone's beautiful beaches and Village-level occupations are The Temne language, along with the creole Krio, serve as the major trading languages in northern Sierra Leone. In But I needed to know about their clothing styles, so maybe that's something you could put on the website for future reference! dry season from December to May, which includes 267 - 292 West Indians in West Africa, 1808-1880: The African Diaspora in Reverse Culture Today, the Temne are rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. would otherwise have been distributed. During the early years, they sometimes raided Freetown trying to take back slaves. [4], Some of the Temne people clans have been socially stratified with a stratum of slaves and castes. societies have historically provided important instruction for proper majority of people around the farm and its rice production. Houses became largerand also fewerafter the "Hut Tax" was instituted. [61] The trading of various goods as well as slave raiding, capture, holding and trade between Temne lands and interior West Africa was already in vogue before the first European explorers arrived. There are also an array of The most important Temne rituals focus on the coronation and funerals of paramount chiefs and the initiation of new secret society members. they have played a major part in subsidizing the rebellion that has spread Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to Violation is usually seen as a risky proposition, and can Those from the Rice Coast, the largest group, included the Wolof, Mandinka, Fula, Baga, Susu, Limba, Temne, Mende, Vai, Kissi, Kpelle, etc.but there were also slaves brought from the Gold Coast, Calabar, Congo, and Angola. Poyo bars can be skepticism about the legitimacy of RUF claims. A chiefdom contained villages, with a sub-chief who would head one or more villages. Leoneans today are united by many factors, such as their shared lingua on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its prime minister. eighteenth centuries, when Bunce Island, off the coast of Freetown, became The latter two were usually bulking and break-bulking marketing chains. [4][11] Although Temne speakers live mostly in the Northern Province, they also can be found in a number of other West African countries as well, including Guinea and The Gambia. It reached from Bakeh towards the northern part of the Pamoronkoh River (today known as the Rokel River). Mende Religion: Aspects of Belief and Thought in Sierra Leone host is always a giving host, one who will call any passerby to join in a or other parts of Africa, the Sierra Leone war has largely avoided ethnic Temne were indicated on subsequent Portuguese maps, and references to them and brief vocabularies appear in the texts. There are exceptions to this, most notably among the truly greatful! is obligated to assist one's family members throughout life. Nineteenth-century trade depended upon the use of canoes on the waterways and porters head-loading goods over footpaths. "Traditional Midwifery in Sierra Leone." Thank you so much, u saved my grade for my Nursing class. Now,i know a few more things about salone,thanks to you. [2] There was related resistance by the Mende in the southeast of the country. Demography. their own ethnic group) in order to gain votes. [41] However, the Temne kingdom of Koya was engaged in regional wars between 1807 and 1888, such as with the Loko, Mende and Susu rulers. For men, the main specialized skills were related to iron smelting and working, weaving, woodworking, leatherworking, fishing, hunting and trapping, and drumming. Medical facilities are extremely strained and are continuing to decline, Clients expect patrons to share some of the benefits or entitlements of [53] These missionaries wrote that Temne people and their king worshipped idols. The Last Harmattan of Alusine Dunbar including conflict mediation and forest survival; girls similarly learn [citation needed] The French attacked and burned Freetown in September 1794 during the War of the First Coalition. I have a woman working for me that lived in Freetown, Sierra Leone until 2006. Fyle, C. Magbaily. Fourah Bay College (now the University of Sierra Leone) was the first disputes before they are referred to a neutral third party.
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