They feel comfortable with the fact that the TR is derived from from manuscroipts derived from the stream of texts that comprise the Majority Text. There have been thousands of manuscripts discovered since 1611, and we now have 5,898 Greek NT manuscripts and numerous ones dating within decades of the originals. [2] Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual .., https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test (accessed June 12, 2016). First Name *, Email Address *. Thanks be to Him that His Word is faithfully preserved in the accurate translation of the King James Version. A site defending Westcott and Hort against unnecessary and incorrect attacks. This argument is simply the weakest and most desperate that this author has ever heard. The same principles apply to groups of manuscripts (2.260-61). They started the "Ghostly Guild" in 1851 and before that the "Hermes Club" in 1845. - "About" David Cloud Four volumes. We dare not and must not ignore these things. Today we can easily produce thousands of copies of a faulty manuscript with a machine, and every copy displays the same errors. They determined to replace the King James Bible and the Greek Textus Receptus. Thus THE TEXT, BUILT UP ON THE WORK OF THE 19TH CENTURY, HAS REMAINED AS A WHOLE UNCHANGED, particularly since the research of recent years has not yet led to the establishment of a generally acknowledged N.T. He has been a financial adviser for over 30 years. Brother Cloud lives in South Asia where he has been a church planting missionary since 1979. It was a printed text, not a hand-copied manuscript, created in the 15th century to fill the need for a textually accurate Greek New Testament. Things that we encourage you to share include the audio sermons, O Timothy magazine, FBIS articles, and the free eVideos and free eBooks. (2.49-50). (Textual scholars use the abbreviation "WH".) "[3] They find that without orthographic differences, doubtful textual variants exist only in one sixtieth of the whole New Testament (with most of them being comparatively trivial variations), with the substantial variations forming hardly more than one thousandth of the entire text. A series of articles on relevant topics about the KJV and Greek text. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece27th Edition, United Bible Societies 4th Edition. 1. [4], According to Hort, "Knowledge of Documents should precede Final Judgments upon Readings". BibleGateway+ is less than $5/mo. They are not aware nor concerned that almost all the modern Bible versions of our day are built upon the Greek Text of Westcott and Hort, commonly called the Westcott-Hort text. But in truth, the majority of anything does not automatically mean that it is the best or even correct. They might argue, My Bible says the earliest manuscripts do not have this verse! But does this reader know of the thousands of other manuscripts which do contain this verse? Hort did not believe in the complete blood atonement of Christ for the forgiveness of sins, calling such doctrine heresy. In my own NIV Student Bible (Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids Michigan, Copyright 1986, 1992), there is no mention of Westcott and Hort, but a mere reference to textual criticism., Where existing manuscripts differ, the translators made their choice of readings according to accepted principles of New Testament textual criticism., Though these quotations say nothing of Westcott and Hort, they are hidden behind the words accepted principles of textual criticism. When Was It Written? The New Testament in the Original Greek is a Greek-language version of the New Testament published in 1881.It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892). Even the casual reader of the Bible, if he were to compare a modern translation (NIV) with the KJV, will easily find numerous differences between the two (Consider Revelation 1:11, Heb. Westcott. Greenlee writes, The fallacy in this argument was that the antiquity of a Syrian (i.e., Byzantine) reading could be shown only when the Byzantine text was supported by one of the pre-Byzantine texts, which proved nothing in favor of the Byzantine, since WH maintained that Syrian readings were largely derived from the pre-Syrian texts. Murdock Translation of the Western Peshitto. Westcott and Hort - Wikipedia ISBN 978-0-9635845-0-2. The 1881 British Revised Version (RV), also known as the English Revised Version (ERV) of the King James Version, and the 1881 New Testament Greek text of Westcott and Hort did not sit well with the King-James-Version-Only[3] advocate John William Burgon (18131888), E. H. A. Scrivener (18131891), and Edward Miller (18251901), the latter authoring A Guide to the Textual Criticismof the New Testament (1886). For those books, C. D. Ginsburgs Hebrew text was used. It goes without saying that no Bible-believing Christian who is willing to extend the implications of his faith to textual matters can have the slightest grounds for confidence in contemporary critical texts (emphasis added) (Zane C. Hodges, Rationalism and Contemporary New Testament Textual Criticism, Bibliotheca Sacra, January 1971, p. 35). - Receive these reports by email () In many instances where I would disagree with the wording in the Nestle / UBS text in favor of a particular variant reading, I would later check with the Westcott and Hort text and realize that they had often come to the same decision. and it progressed into the most corrupt period for the Church (priests to the popes: stealing, sexual sins, torture, and murder); so much so, it ends with the Reformation. But HORT DID NOT FAIL TO REACH HIS MAJOR GOAL. These charges are often brought in a bid to discredit the Westcott & Hort text. Comparable to theEnglish Standard Versionand theNew American Standard Bible. The W-H text of 1881 and the latest edition of the United Bible Societies text differ only in relatively minor points. John is married to Janet they have three grown up children and two grandogs. How did the Greek text develop from Desiderius Erasmus to Robert Estienne to Thodore Beza, and did any of the editions have a critical apparatus with variants, and did any of these men consult any Alexandrian manuscripts? An exception is the text edited by Hermann von Soden. And the 1611 KJV translators said in the 1611 PREFACE that a new revision should be made upon such circumstances. Both delete almost the same number of names and titles of the Lord (WH--221, UBS--212). Book Submission for Christian Publishing House, https://www.logos.com/product/46572/studies-in-the-theory-and-method-of-new-test, View all posts by Christian Publishing House. The new Bible versions are not based on Erasmus' Textus Receptus. May God enlighten us all to the truth through His Word. To use the KJV as a baseline so that anything different to it is changing the word of God. Brooke Foss Westcott and John Maurice Schulhof, eds., Saint Pauls Epistle to the Ephesians: The Greek Text with Notes and Addenda, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1909), v. Brooke Foss Westcott and Arthur Westcott, eds., The Gospel according to St. John Introduction and Notes on the Authorized Version, Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: J. Murray, 1908), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistles of St. John: The Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 4th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London; New York: Macmillan, 1902), v. Brooke Foss Westcott, ed., The Epistle to the Hebrews the Greek Text with Notes and Essays, 3d ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1903). For example, the witness Codex Vatican B (one of the five), a Greek manuscript of the New Naturally so because they were Greek textual scholars. Black-Blue [may be neuter, masculine, or masculine-feminine], underlined [the adjective or participle verb points to a plural subject], [single brackets] [accepted in the primary reading], [[double brackets]][rejected in the primary reading], apostrophes (') [the transliterated noun is plural], For further details and most recent edition, visit:The Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament, Drs. Over 5,800 New Testament manuscripts have been classified into four groups by text type. An update to it (mainly to the New Testament as of now) is scheduled for release in 2025. In short, the Westcott and Hort theory states that the Bible is to be treated as any other book would be. Other items we sell to help fund our expensive literature and foreign church planting ministries. It shows that the Church rejected them and did not read them. If they had been good manuscripts, they would have been read to pieces long ago. Christian Publishing House Blog, Byzantine Text-Type of Greek New Testament Manuscripts Christian Publishing House Blog, Is the King James Version (KJV) the ONLY True Bible Translation? At this point we have entered the realm of textual criticism. [1] Philip Comfort,Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography& Textual Criticism, (Nashville, 2005), p. 100. I urge you not to do this. Masoretic Text, Erasmus third NT edition (1522), Martin Luthers 1522 German Bible. Version Information. The Western text-type is much older, but tends to paraphrase, so according to the critical text view also lacks dependability. Tobin Pederson, When it comes to the various Bible versions of our modern day, most readers assume that all Bibles are created equal, with perhaps differing degrees of readability. Gail Riplingerquotes them in her bookNew Age Bible Versions. Again, they need not pull quotes from when Westcott and Hort were young men but rather show one unorthodox belief in their commentaries, which have been listed below. 56 days ago, - Certainly nothing could be more unscriptural than the modern limiting of Christs bearing our sins and sufferings to his death; but indeed that is only one aspect of an almost universal heresy. 4) Hort wrote, I have been persuaded for many years that Mary-worship and Jesus worship have very much in common in their causes and their results. Westcott found a statue of Mary and a crucified Christ in a remote chapel and wrote, Had I been alone, I could have knelt there for hours.. Bible scholar David Fuller brings us the first argument in his book, Which Bible, where he writes, Burgon regarded the good state of preservation of B (CodexVaticanus) and ALEPH (Codex Sinaiticus) in spite of their exceptional age as proof not of their goodness but of their badness. They also developed a theory of textual criticism which underlay their Greek NT and several other Greek NT since (such as . The archaic language detracts from its use and understandability. Why do KJ Only types believe the Westcott and Hort - The Puritan Board Jeromes Latin Vulgate, produced in the 5thcentury to make the Bible accessible to all, became a means of keeping Gods Word hidden. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. To understand Westcott and Hort, you must first understand textual criticism. So, why reject efforts to do so with the 1881 English Revised Version (ERV), the 1901 American Standard Version (ASV), the 1952 Revised Standard Version (RSV), the 1995 New American Standard Bible (NASB), the 2001 English Standard Version (ESV), and the forthcoming Updated American Standard Version (UASV)? Released into the public domain by The Work of Gods Children (nonprofit corporation). Princeton University Press' book, The Christian Socialist Revival (1968, Peter d'A Jones) says B.F. Westcott was "a mystic" (p. 179). It should also be noted that the writings of John W. Burgon, Edward Hills, Benjamin C. Wilkinson will be greatly edifying. Westcott and Hort's Greek New Testament is the "source text" for many of today's modern Bible translations. We suspect that these two manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character . Further, if we cannot demonstrate the Trinity without this one verse we need to learn to be better Bible students. This article may not be written by an Apostolic author, but it contains many excellent principles and concepts that can be adapted to most churches. They are NOTHING when we look at the nearly 6,000 differences, many being quite substantial between the Alexandrian Critical Text and the Textus Receptus. How Reliable Are the Early Texts of the New Testament? Riplinger, pg 625. Modern English (GW) & Early Modern English (KJV). Can his verdict be true? They assume some are just more easy to read than others. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. The King James men used the Majority text (5000+) and simply translated it as is. I suppose I am a communist by nature. Riplinger, pg 624, Westcott our Bible as well as our Faith is a mere compromise. Riplinger, pg 625. (3) How many textual errors (differences) are in the handful of Byzantine manuscripts used to make the Textus Receptus, which is behind the KJV? This Bible is in the public domain in the United States. gain access to 50+ premium resources to enhance your study of Scripture. (The shorter the interval between the time of the autograph and the end of the period of transmission in question, the stronger the presumption that earlier date implies greater purity of text.) (2.59; cf. Westcott and Hort began their work in 1853 and finished it in 1881, working for twenty-eight years independently of each other, yet frequently comparing notes. This new text caused Bible translators to doubt God's preserved words and long-held Christian doctrines, resulting in Bibles translated after 1881 to contain thousands of changes from the . text (Erwin Nestle and Kurt Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 24th edition, 1960, p. 62). [6], Westcott and Hort distinguished four text types in their studies. The Old Testament translation is based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. Without thinking or looking deeper into the matter, they blindly assume that every Bible is the same. (2.20), The reading is to be preferred that best conforms to the usual style of the author and to that authors material in other passages. Older is Not Always Better: Remembering Wescott and Hort | Bible Interp The above article, Modern Bible Versions, and Westcott and Hort was written by Tim Pederson. Over the next four centuries or so, the Byzantine Empire and the Greek-speaking church were the dominant factors as to why this area saw their text becoming the standard. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1903) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) have been highly controversial figures in biblical history. The following is information is take from two sources, G.A. The consensus however is they favored the Aleph and B text more than the others. Readers of these new Bibles are quite unaware that they are reading the translation of a corrupt text. (13) What do you do with the fact that the KJV has 1,000 different words that do not mean today what they meant in 1611, even having the opposite meaning? I mean, a text issued by men who are already known for what will undoubtedly be treated as dangerous heresy will have great difficulty in finding its way to regions which it might otherwise hope to reach and whence it would not be easily banished by subsequent alarms. In fact they had no Greek at all for part of the book of Revelation so they had to conjecturally amend (make a best guess) what the section actually said. This text type is called Byzantine and most of its copies can be sourced to Constantinople. Pastor Tobin Pederson, Reformation Day, October 31, 2007. The baseline is not the KJV, it wasnt even the first (by a long way) of the English translations of the Bible. To deny their influence is similar to denying the influence of Darwin on contemporary evolutionary thought. The Textus Receptus (Latin for "Received Text") is a Greek New Testament that provided the textual base for the vernacular translations of the Reformation Period. [8], Westcott and Hort worked on their Testament from 1853 until its completion in 1881. They do not even agree with each other. The following summary of principles is taken from the compilation in Epp and Fee,Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism(1993, pages 157-8). To hold to varying forms of King James Only or Textus Receptus Only has caused great harm to the Christian Church; it confuses people. Westcott and Hort were the original textual critics of their day. Westcott and Hort distinguished four text types in their studies. The KJV itself went through a number of revisions and the one we use today is usually the 1769 revision. Since 99.9% of these manuscripts agree, we can be comforted knowing that God has preserved His Word among us. Brooke Foss Westcott (an Anglican bishop and professor at Cambridge University) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (also an ordained priest and professor at Cambridge) produced a Greek New Testament in 1881 based on the findings of Tischendorf. Revision of the Revised Standard Version. Revised from the public domain JPS 1917 edition, and placed together with a revised edition of the Hebrew Roots New Testament (based on Hebrew and Aramaic sources) each with useful footnotes, and an informative preface to the whole work. Isnt it better to trust that God preserved His Word in the 5000+ witnesses rather than the five witnesses who do not agree with each other? The Western Peshitto is virtually the same as the Eastern Peshitta, besides the addition of 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation. The translation now is a literary masterpiece. Other names for the Majority Text are Traditional Text, Syrian Text, Byzantine Text, and the Common Text. : Were Westcott and Hort Occultist Unbelievers? The heart of the project is retelling the story of the Bible in a form as fluid as modern literary works while remaining painstakingly true to the original Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic texts. (ISBN1401680313), A Voice In The Wilderness Holy Scriptures, 1913 (first volumes of the NT)1915 1935 (various volumes and editions of the WVSS were published from 1913 1935). Nevertheless, it was Westcott himself who wrote, Many years ago, I had occasion to investigate spiritualistic phenomena with some care, and I came to a clear conclusion, which I feel bound to express in answer to your circular. (9) You say scribes/copyists do not make changes to the text intentionally and unintentionally, so how do you explain the copyists who write in the margins that a previous copyist made changes? Likewise we dare never put confidence in man. "For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity, . Any modern translation that is based upon Westcott and Horts Greek text cannot be trusted, for it is based upon five manuscripts which do not even agree with one other. Greek which was the Greek of Alexander the Great, a common, or marketplace Greek. Westcott & Hort in their day, and others from that period, as well as scholars today, serve us and God well in what they provide. (2.28). A. Hort, upon whose text the United Bible Society is based, which is the foundation for all modern-day translations of the Bible. Westcott and Hort - King James Bible 1611
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