The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. By 1636 four New England Colonies were founded: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island and . He quickly instituted the First Frame of Government and created three counties: Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks. The Plain Peoplethe Amish, the Mennonites, and other small sectshave kept their traditional ways of life based in the teachings of the Bible. The social structure of colonial Pennsylvania is consistent with all of the rest of the thirteen colonies. The Middle colonies, like Delaware, New York, and New Jersey, were founded as trade centers, while Pennsylvania was founded as a safe haven for Quakers. 2015-11-04 04:06:29. At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. This body was in charge of approving or rejecting bills passed by the council. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. The 5 largest ethnic groups in Pennsylvania are White (Non-Hispanic) (75.6%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (10.7%), White (Hispanic) (4.01%), Asian (Non-Hispanic) (3.52%), and Other (Hispanic) (2.47%). Responsible for many civic improvements, Franklin founded the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731 and organized the Union Fire Company in 1736. The largest group was the middle class which was made up of artisans, business owners, and small farmers. The relationship between natives and settlers soured over the years as a result of miscommunication, an increase in the number of English colonizers coming to Pennsylvania, outward land expansion, disease and, most notably, a transfer of power. A small park with a statue to Printz commemorates the location. In the northern cities, wealth was increasingly concentrated in the hands of the merchants; below them was the middle class of skilled craftsmen and shopkeepers. (Neighborhoods such as Southwark, Spring Garden and Northern Liberties comprised a larger population of Latin American residents, many of who worked as cigar makers and at Baldwin Locomotive Works. Penn intended the colony to be a refuge for Quakers and other religious minorities. It would not be until 1703 that Delaware would separate itself from Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania's approach to government is historically important, as it played an important role in developing the foundation for American democracy and in leading the fight to abolish slavery. Carlisle was the site of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School from 1879 to 1918; the facility became the home of the U.S. Army War College in 1951. In the American Civil War (1861-1865), Pennsylvania was the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in which Union General George Meade defeated Confederate General Robert E. Lee, bringing an end to the Confederacys Northern invasion, as well as Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address. The Cramp Shipyards built the St. Louis, St. Paul and the USS Maine and supplied numerous federal governments with armored warships including the United States, Turkey, Russia and Japan. Numerous key battles and events of the war occurred in the colony, including the crossing of the Delaware River, the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Germantown, and the winter encampment at Valley Forge. After the war, Pennsylvania became the second state, after Delaware, to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Even as wage earners, the journeymen often still lived with their former master and ate at his table. Economic recessions were common in the colonies during the eighteenth century, and they affected workers in the cities most. Under the constitution of 1968Pennsylvanias fourth since becoming a stateand its subsequent amendments, the executive branch consists of the governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, auditor general, state treasurer, and governors cabinet. Puritans Who Had Believed That Only A Few Were Predestined By Being Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. On small farms throughout the colonies and in the backcountry, they also worked the fields and cared for livestock alongside their husbands and children. Filtering into the backcountry of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas, they established farms on the frontier and grew just enough food to keep themselves going. This territory was then surrendered to the Dutch in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant sent a large force to invade. He established a government in which citizens elected representatives to an assembly that made the laws. Reading Terminal became a hub for locomotive transportation and innovation across the country. In the colonial era, the commonly held idea was that good housewives would raise good children who would become upstanding citizens in the community. Politics - Pennsylvania Colony Social services provided by the state include child protection, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, geriatric care, and help for victims of domestic violence. Penn induced people to emigrate, the terms being 40 shillings per hundred acres, and "shares" of 5,000 acres for 100 pounds. When Markham arrived on the western shore of the Delaware River, however, he found that the region was already inhabited by Europeans. Main, who describes the upper house in eleven American Colonial agriculture. The religion in the Pennsylvania Colony is the Quaker religion. Pennsylvanias industry extended overseas and brought over more people from Germany, the Far East and South America. In the Middle Colonies, richer land and a better climate created a small surplus. Kelly, Martin. The conflict resulted in the War of Regulation, in which the western insurgents were crushed at the Battle of Alamance Creek on May 16, 1771. Pennsylvania, April 30, 1982 in Philadelphia. In 1884, Milton made the Hershey Chocolate Company a subsidiary of the already established Lancaster Caramel Company. Population growth put pressure on the limited supply of land in the north, while the best land in the south was already in the hands of planters. The General Assembly was established in Pennsylvania in 1682. Despite a seemingly peaceful transition of land, after multiple battles and failed attempts to live harmoniously, many of Pennsylvanias Native Americans gradually left and migrated west. They had 3 social classes. The first inhabitants were a mixture of country gentlemen (mostly Catholic) and workers and artisans (mostly Protestant). The colony is also part of the "bread basket of America" because it was suitable to grow a surplus of wheat, corn, barley, and rye. Women married earlier, giving them the opportunity to have more children, and large families were the norm. Now the largest city in Pennsylvania, Philadelphia served as the nations capital from 1790 until a permanent capital was established in. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. Middle colonies - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. This governor could decree, discontinue or dissolve a piece of legislature, as well as veto any laws that he saw fit. This is the lower house of legislature. The town of Philadelphia was located in 1682, "having a high and dry land next to the water, with a shore ornamented with a fine view of pine trees growing upon it.". The state became a major oil refinery and storage center. Pennsylvania today. It is agreed that anyone of good moral character is capable of . 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. Pennsylvania has retained strong elements of folk culture among its diverse ethnic groups. What Was The Social Structure Of The Maryland Colony? The resulting rapid growth of health services and of the share they took of both personal and state income became of great concern to individual citizens as well as to policy makers. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Fueling the industry at this time relied heavily on Pennsylvanias natural resources. The descendants of the Dutch patroons and the men who received lands from the English royal governors controlled estates in the middle colonies. Pennsylvania was among three of the original 13 colonies that were given provincial charters. Servants were at the bottom of the class system but were few in numbers and treated much better in the Pennsylvania. "The Pennsylvania Colony: A Quaker Experiment in America." As a result, Pennsylvania became a diverse and dynamic colony. Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal in the 1930s, social services have expanded greatly. The English (1497, John Cabot), the French (1524, Verrazano), the Spanish (1492, Columbus in the West Indies, and other Spanish explorers reaching North America perhaps by 1520), and the Dutch (1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch East India Company, on his ship the Half Moon) all claimed lands. A significant percentage of Atlantic shipping was on vessels built in the colonies, and shipbuilding stimulated other crafts, such as the sewing of sails, milling of lumber, and manufacturing of naval stores. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Philadelphia: The Birthplace of Independence, Isaac Hershey purchased four tracts of land, Hershey name decorates numerous buildings, Jonas Salk developed the first polio vaccine, https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/pennsylvania, Named by Governor William Penn after his arrival in the New World in 1682, Philadelphia combined the Greek words for love (phileo) and brother (adelphos), engendering its nickname of the city of brotherly love.. The Pennsylvania colony was among the 'Middle Colonies' of America, which included prominent colonies such as New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. He set up the colony as one of religious freedom. The state department of education establishes statewide standards for teacher certification and curricula and apportions money to the local school districts. This body was in charge of approving or rejecting bills passed by the council. Dutch navigator Cornelis Jacobszoon May was provided a patent to explore the Delaware region more thoroughly and Dutch trading posts were established up and down the Delaware Bay starting in 1620. Big cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore grew as seaports and commercial centers. The New Sweden Company was chartered and, in 1638, established The Colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina, in what is today Wilmington, Delaware. This group also regulated trade with the Native Americans and issued municipal regulations. ), Newspapers in foreign languages and mutual aid networks sprouted as more immigrants moved into Pennsylvania. At the bottom of the social ladder were slaves and indentured servants; successful planters in the south and wealthy merchants in the north were the colonial elite. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. The New England colonies were founded to escape religious persecution in England. Freedom of worship and religion was granted to all citizens. Previous As the size of the colony increases up to a maximum of about 60,000 workers, so does the efficiency of the colony. Class System. 1 In 1688, the first written protest against enslavement in North America was created and signed by the Quakers in Germantown. The servants had a contract to work a fixed amount of time (5-7 yrs.) In the best-of-nine series, Boston won five games to three. Pennsylvanias capital, Philadelphia, was the site of the first and second Continental Congresses in 1774 and 1775, the latter of which produced the Declaration of Independence, sparking the American Revolution. Pennsylvania generally exhibits the characteristic American pattern of rural conservatism and urban liberalism, although locally such labels may bear no relationship to particular parties. In the period of European exploration, there was a flurry of activity in North America. The social structure of the Pennsylvania Colony was based on class rather than race or gender. The largest ethnic group to arrivethe African slavescame in chains. Within a few days Penn made a treaty with the Leni Lenape to purchase his grant of land from them, even though there was no law requiring him to do so. Penn sought a colony in Americawhat he called a "holy experiment"to protect himself and fellow Quakers from persecution. Pennsylvania played an extremely important role in the American Revolution. Enlightenment and Religious Revival. The Pennsylvania Colony's economy is currently faring well, for people in England and the other colonies are buying and trading our crops. Philadelphia is a major centre of medical education, while Pittsburghs Carnegie Mellon Universityformed in 1967 by the merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (founded in 1900 as the Carnegie Technical School) and the Mellon Institute (1913)makes that city a centre of science and engineering studies. (The African American-led Pythian Baseball Club and the Cuban Giants emerged in the 1860s and 1880s, respectively, around the same time as the Philadelphia Phillies.). Sharply From Massachusetts And Virginia, Quakers Wanted To Establish A Utopia Defined By Equality, Quakers Believed That The Holy Spirit Or The "Inner Light" Of This also was the way things happened in Delaware. Exploring the Culture of Pennsylvania Colony - The Enlightened Mindset What was the social structure of Pennsylvania Colony? 3 Penn allowed for a representative assembly elected by . Although Shepherd devoted a chapter to the council, this institution still deserves a monograph. One of the original 13 colonies, Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a haven for his fellow Quakers. What did the Quakers do in the Pennsylvania Colony? It is recorded that some newcomers would find caves for shelter for their families and effects, then get warrants of survey and wander about for their choice of localities. Study now. The Germans introduced house and barn raising; a barn/house frame was raised in one day while the women prepared a large feast. Before European settlement, Pennsylvania was inhabited by many native tribes, including the Erie, Honniasont, Huron, Iroquois (especially Seneca and Oneida), Leni Lenape, Munsee, Shawnee, Susquehannock, and unknown others. Both in their lifestyles and social pursuits (such as horse racing), the southern gentry emulated the English country squire. The lower class was the sailors and apprentices. As the supply of indentured servants diminished, in part because work opportunities had improved in England, the supply of slaves either imported directly from Africa or transshipped from the West Indies was increased. Under the constitution, the General Assembly provides rules and regulations for local governments. William Penn set sail from England in August, 1682, with Captain Greenway, in the ship Welcome. Penn at that time was 38 years of age. At the end of the day everyone danced on the new barn/house floor. More than one million people arrived in Pennsylvania between 1870 and the early 1900s. The Colony and Its Organization Any Swedish settlers were to become English subjects, seeing that the English were now in a majority in the colony. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Natural resources in the Pennsylvania Colony included iron ore, coal, furs, forest, and farmland.
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