It is home to one-quarter of the worlds population spread over just 7 percent of the worlds landmass. And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. Social -- Volume 30, Number 2, July 2015, Editorial Board Cloudflare Ray ID: 7c066082ba9642ea More recently, Nepals lawmakers elected the countrys first woman presidentand the countrys second presidentBidhya Devi Bhandari, in 2015. In Sri Lanka, the Tamil Tigers reached their peak of power between 2002 and 2005. Nevertheless, a heavy footprint and intensive counterinsurgency have been par for the course in Kashmir for decades. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. In both scenarios, mental health and resiliency is compromised in the long term. 2 Both can be accessed at https://satp.org/. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened The major insurgencies in India have seen a downward trend in lethal violence; the TTP has been badly degraded; the Tamil Tigers have been destroyed; Nepals Maoists have been incorporated into a new Nepali political system; and Bangladeshs descent into competitive authoritarianism has been grimly accompanied by a reduction in direct anti-state violence.1. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. Finally, Bangladesh has become a de facto competitive authoritarian regime in which the ruling Awami League established a dominant position. Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year, Office of the Chief Economist, South Asia. 0000001364 00000 n Geopolitical stability and regional relationships And similar to Europe, local identity is strong in Indiaturnout for state assembly elections is often higher than that for national elections. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. Traditional psychotherapy has been founded on normalized versions of western, middle-class families. Since 2000, India has faced insurgencies in three geographic areas. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. issues 0000001283 00000 n -- Volume 36, Number 2, July 2021, Editorial Board This blend of repression and collusion has reduced direct anti-state violence. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Afghanistan is not producing national accounts statistics since August 2021, so they are excluded from the table. This article focuses on the core states of the Indian subcontinent. Like most international sporting events, the World Nomad Games also serve as a political forum. South Asians in Canada have reported some of the highest mental health issues this year. This paper contributes to the debate on the Sustainable Development Goals progress by evaluating the MDGs achievements in South Asia and the policy and institutional challenges deriving from such experience. With all this linguistic, ethnic, and political diversity, how has India stuck together as a single country for so long? To learn more about cookies, click here. As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations. Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. A map showing the major religion in each country of South Asia. As commonly conceptualised, South Asia consists of the countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included.. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent and defined Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom experience high rates of mental health disorders, sometimes higher than their peers. South -- Volume 33, Number 3, November 2018, Editorial Board For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. <<74F53B64ECF66F4D8721F1E5DB6020AC>]>> -- Volume 35, Number 2, July 2020, Editorial Board HMk1+tLDiB;;lbCKrVb5;zL3W=~,PA+h~={|7bem]}274(gHR/f5>0DT|[iJ)%EkllWF4o6#2mKTk5Wu#kN8I*bP"P3/@G (cP In general, state coercive capacity across the region has increased, with escalating security force budgets and manpower facilitated by both formal laws and informal practices that give substantial leeway to the state. Following critical discourse analysis, the paper concludes that the social movements has been shaped by the social relations dominated by the elites of the south Asian societies who share some common features in terms of culture and ideology. Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. The second factor in reducing insurgent violence has been Indias effective use of ceasefires, demobilization deals, and amnesties in the Northeast to peel off and demobilize insurgent factions. Religious discrimination, however, has often been a divisiveeven violentforce in the region. Nature-Society relations provide the foundation for social, economic, political, and environmental problems. -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board In another film, PK, an alien wanders around India confused by the countrys variousand seemingly incompatiblereligions. The World Banks development updates for Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were also released today. A set of deals with local warlords and TTP splinters created partners for the security forces; rather than monopolizing violence, the security apparatus has used other non-state armed groups as tools of power projection and local control. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. Sharing part of this critique, the paper argues that the social movement has been undergone with the formation of contested domain of polity incorporating the previously neglected issues of poverty, inequality and marginalization. Anti-India armed groups are alleged to still operate on Pakistani soil, the Afghan Taliban has consistently used sanctuary along the Afghan border, and localized armed actors have worked with the state in counterinsurgency zones. Nawal Mustafa does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. It is the most comprehensive book on the market about the geography of Asia. Poverty rates among U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians were 9% and 11%, respectively, that year. From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump. Existing violence data is not adequate to make fine-grained claims: it is likely that official records undercount civilian deaths, and both media and government reports can be highly unreliable in their distinctions between civilians and militants. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia South Asia consists of a remarkably diverse religious landscape. WebMost South Asian nations are cognizant of these problems, but have failed as yet to develop effective policies. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. 0000002827 00000 n The state is resurgent, and insurgencies have been eliminated or contained. These simmering conflicts can always increase in intensity if underlying political conflicts endure. Third, the international environment has changed in the last fifteen years. This is another reason for mental health challenges like depression and anxiety, especially in women who may feel like they are putting the familys honour at risk by dating. Political Violence in South Asia: The Triumph of the State? In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. -- Volume 34, Number 3, November 2019, Editorial Board Figure 3 shows the sanctioned strengths of Indias two largest central police forces, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and Border Security Force (BSF), from 1988 to 2018.3 The BSF has a major role in J&K, and the CRPF is heavily deployed across Indias areas of insurgency; both have expanded dramatically. 1 On the edges of South Asia, Myanmar sees a broadly similar patternthough important insurgencies continue, a patchwork project of ceasefires combined with ongoing state repression has forged a degree of ugly stability in areas of enduring conflict. This unpredictability makes it at least conceivable that there could be renewed efforts by states to support rebellions in strategic areas. Population Problems of South Asia Across all South Asian countries, patriarchal values and social norms tend to privilege men and boys access to opportunities and control over resources. These inequalities are manifested across the life cycle from conception, to birth, to childhood, adolescence through to adult life. This is not a simple story of state capacity, however: coercive power has been deployed in selective ways, including cases in which a state ignores or cooperates with non-state armed groups, from militias to vigilantes. ;`w#O*>Brq` pdtw:E7[mEb"0pf"AEA57A{)c
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